Unit virtually staged.Seller willing to pay up to six months of the buyer's HOA dues with the right offer. Bright first-floor corner unit in the highly desirable UTC Golden Triangle, tucked away in a quiet location. This light-filled home features an open floor plan, abundant windows, granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, modern cabinetry, wood-look flooring, in-unit washer and dryer, a spacious bedroom with a walk-in closet, an oversized bathroom with a dual-sink granite vanity, and a private balcony with additional storage. Resort-style amenities include a pool, spa, and fitness center. Conveniently located near UC San Diego, Westfield UTC, the Blue Line Trolley, major bus routes, shopping, dining, and easy freeway access.

Move-in ready, and beautifully maintained, this top-floor 1 bed, 1 bath condo offers a bright, quiet retreat with modern finishes throughout. You'll have a spacious private front patio with storage closet, and a back patio overlooking the pool that connects to a common area walk-way. Due to its favorable location, it has only one shared wall and a unit below. You're just steps from the vibrant dining, coffee shops, and boutique shopping that make Normal Heights and University Heights so sought-after — with North Park's acclaimed restaurant and craft beer scene only minutes away. The building offers resort-style amenities including a community pool, hot tub, and fitness center, all set within a well-kept gated community. Easy access to public transportation makes commuting or exploring the city simple, whether you're heading downtown, to Balboa Park, or the coast. Clean, modern, and move-in ready — this is easy San Diego living in one of the city's most accessible, food-loving neighborhoods.

Welcome to this beautifully upgraded, energy-efficient smart home built in 2019, ideally situated on a premium corner lot in the highly sought-after Horse Creek Ridge community! This spacious 4-bedroom, 3-bath home with a versatile upstairs loft offers the perfect blend of style, comfort, and functionality. Whether you need a home office, media room, playroom, or second family room, the loft provides flexible living space to fit your lifestyle. The thoughtfully designed floor plan also includes a downstairs bedroom and full bath, making it ideal for guests or multigenerational living. The open-concept kitchen is the heart of the home and showcases premium 3cm granite countertops, upgraded shaker-style cabinetry, abundant storage, and a large island that flows seamlessly into the dining and living areas—perfect for entertaining or everyday living. The downstairs bathroom has been elegantly upgraded with marble countertops. Luxury vinyl plank flooring throughout the main level, upgraded carpet upstairs, soaring ceilings, and abundant natural light create a warm and inviting atmosphere. Upstairs you'll find generously sized bedrooms, the spacious loft, and a conveniently located laundry room. Designed for both comfort and efficiency, this smart home includes solar, dual-zone A/C, a tankless water heater, water softener, reverse osmosis filtration system, and modern energy-efficient features to help keep utility costs low.

Built in 1913, this extraordinary Craftsman is a true Mission Hills treasure, thoughtfully preserved to honor its rich history while seamlessly incorporating modern comforts. Set on a corner lot and comprised of two parcels, this is an incredibly rare and curated offering in Mission Hills. Exceptional craftsmanship and meticulously preserved original details showcase the home's remarkable character and architectural integrity including rare and exquisite Douglas Fir millwork throughout, gorgeous original quarter-sawn oak floors, and original divided, double-hung windows creating a warm, bright, and elegant atmosphere. The living room, which now expands into the original parlor room, is anchored by sliding pocket doors, a stunning original tiled fireplace, and original built-in window seat with hidden storage and classic window casings. The formal dining room is a craftsman classic, from its Arts & Crafts-era Douglas Fir built-in sideboard and picture rail, which is beautifully illuminated with natural light through the double-hung bay windows, and further accented in the evenings by the vintage inspired light fixtures over the dining room table. Every detail has been carefully preserved, from the curated and salvaged interior doors and century-old glass doorknobs, to the custom Gustoff Stickley copper lighting and classic Mission Hills moldings throughout the home. The beautifully remodeled kitchen perfectly complements the home's early century architecture with exceptional attention to detail.

Flat, large 10 acres with power and paved 140th St West access. Great for development, farms, ranches, single home residences, or just as an investment. About 25 minutes from Lancaster (US-138), easy direct access from paved 140th St W or or W Ave C. The land is in a very beautiful area, in the proximity of Joshua Tree woods, and has beautiful view of the Tehachapi Mountains. No trees on the property, very little desert brush. The land is zoned A-2-2, which allows for single home residences, farms, ranches and similar uses. Not far from Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve State Natural Reserve.

Perched above Historic Old Town in the exclusive Villas Chapultepec community, this beautifully remodeled 2-bedroom, 2.5-bath Spanish-style townhome offers breathtaking panoramic views from virtually every room. Thoughtfully updated with a blend of timeless charm and modern luxury, this turnkey residence delivers an exceptional living experience in one of San Diego's most desirable locations. The light-filled interior features rich hardwood flooring, designer countertops, custom cabinetry, upgraded windows and doors, recessed lighting, premium appliances, fully renovated bathrooms, and a stunning fireplace that anchors the main living space. Expansive windows throughout the home frame sweeping views of the city skyline, harbor, surrounding hillsides, and spectacular sunsets. The spacious primary suite serves as a private retreat, complete with two balconies that capture stunning vistas and cool coastal breezes. The second bedroom also enjoys impressive views, creating a unique living experience rarely found in townhome living. Located within an intimate gated enclave of only 18 residences, Villas Chapultepec offers resort-style amenities including a pool, spa, and a private Hillavator providing convenient access from your two secured parking spaces directly to your front door. Just minutes from Downtown San Diego, Mission Hills, Point Loma, San Diego International Airport, and major freeways, this exceptional home combines privacy, convenience, character, and unmatched views. Enjoy front-row seats to seasonal SeaWorld fireworks and experience the very best of San Diego

Experience California coastal living at its finest in this beautifully upgraded 4-bedroom, 3-bath home with a versatile optional room, perfect as a nursery, home office, fitness room, or private retreat. Enjoy breathtaking panoramic ocean and lagoon views from both levels and spectacular sunsets from the covered patio and private balcony off the luxurious primary suite. Filled with natural light, this spacious home features soaring ceilings, wide-plank luxury vinyl flooring, plantation shutters, and a thoughtfully designed floor plan with a main-level bedroom and full bath, ideal for guests or multi-generational living. The expansive primary suite includes a sitting area, separate dressing area with custom built-in closets, spa-inspired remodeled bath, and the adjoining optional room for today's flexible lifestyle. The gourmet kitchen is designed for entertaining with a large center island, double ovens, new Samsung Smart refrigerator, new dishwasher, and new range hood, new water heater, new water softener, and new LG washer and dryer. Step outside to beautifully landscaped front and back yards featuring a covered patio and a custom 3-hole putting green, creating the perfect outdoor oasis. Located in the highly desirable Alga Hills community with low HOA and no Mello-Roos, Enjoy a community pool and spa while being just minutes from top-rated schools, shopping, dining, and North County's beautiful beaches. Meticulously maintained with incredible indoor-outdoor living, stunning coastal views, this exceptional home truly captures the best of Southern California living.

Beautiful, flat 10 acres with paved access and power along the boundary. Less than 25 minutes from Lancaster, with very easy access from E Ave E. The land has beautiful, adulating character with sparse Joshua trees – a truly captivating location at sunset and sunrise times. The area is popular with farms, ranches, single residential homes on larger parcels. You would be close to major population centers (Lancaster, Palmdale), but practically off the grid, enjoying private and secluded experience. The land is zoned A-2-5 (heavy agricultural) giving variety of possible uses: perfect for homes, farms, ranches and farming/animals. Electric poles are located along the paved E St 125, and provide easy access to power. Excellent land for investment, or living off the grid. Very accessible. Enjoy the stunning view of the snow capped mountains, and clear unspoiled night skies for star gazing. Mountain High ski resort, and Wrightwood are only some 45 minutes away(!).

Perched above the University of San Diego, this spacious 3 bed, 3 full bath home offers room to spread out plus the privacy of your own back patio — ideal for morning coffee or evening dinners and BBQ's outside. Three full bathrooms make this a rare find for the area, well-suited to roommates, families, or anyone who values extra space. A full bedroom and bathroom on the ground floor provides lots of comfort and wonderful flexible living options. Incredibly remodeled recently throughout with modern cabinets, stone counters, new appliance package and fresh, clean bathrooms! The community offers a sparkling pool and hot tub, giving you resort-style amenities right outside your door. Enjoy this bucolic setting with several walking trails adjacent to the community. Located in Linda Vista, you're close to USD, Mission Valley shopping and dining, and quick freeway access for an easy commute anywhere in San Diego. Only minutes to several wonderful beaches Comfortable, private, and move-in ready — a great opportunity in a convenient, well-connected location.

One of, if not the best, views and property in Mission Hills. POTENTIAL, POTENTIAL, POTENTIAL. Large mostly flat usable lot with views of Downtown San Diego, San Diego International Airport and Point Loma. Never been offered for Sale. Once in a lifetime opportunity.

Embrace California beach living at its best! Hear the sound of the ocean waves and breathe in the salt air, just two blocks from La Jolla Shores Beach and around the corner from the iconic La Jolla Beach & Tennis Club! Truly turn-key and ready to entertain, this beautifully updated contemporary residence captures everything that makes this coveted coastal neighborhood so special. Soaring vaulted ceilings fill the 4BR/4.5BA main residence with natural light, while seamless indoor-outdoor living welcomes refreshing ocean breezes. The thoughtfully crafted floor plan features expansive living spaces with dramatic fireplace, formal dining room, and stunning chef's kitchen centered around an oversized waterfall-edge island with seating for eight, premium appliances, including a large wine refrigerator, and ample counter space. Upstairs, four spacious ensuite bedrooms provide comfort and privacy, several opening to private balconies. A semi-detached 1BR guest casita with its own private entrance, kitchenette, and full bath offers exceptional flexibility for extended family, overnight guests, an au pair, or private home office. The elevated front garden offers two inviting patios, while a long private driveway provides off-street parking for five vehicles and leads to the rare two-car garage with EV charger. Walk to the beach, neighborhood cafés, acclaimed restaurants, boutique shopping, parks, and everyday conveniences. Beyond the sand, La Jolla Shores offers premier swimming, stand-up paddleboarding, kayaking, and the world-famous sea caves and protected marine reserve.

Great solar powered home located in the heart of Escondido with easy access to nearby schools, shopping, and park. Home features an open floor plan with neutral tile in all living areas and carpet in the bedrooms. Dual pane windows throughout as well as AC and forced air gas heater to keep home comfortable. The living room opens to a large back yard with a covered patio. This home has been freshly painted throughout and had the tub refinished and is move-in ready!

Welcome to your private, single-level oasis, located in the peaceful neighborhood of Mt La Jolla. Residents delight in the tranquility and comfort of the community, with its resort-like amenities, well maintained greenery, and friendly neighbors, all just minutes from iconic coastal attractions and convenient transportation corridors. The open concept, 20ft vaulted ceilings and sliding glass doors invite the open air and natural light in. Kitchen features a 5 burner gas stove, dishwasher, deep sink, and dining nook. Light & bright cabinets and back drop contrast the rich tile and dark cherry flooring throughout. Easy access to your private, tile patio from both the living space and primary bedroom, where you will find mature landscaping for extra privacy, and ample space to entertain. Spacious primary suite boasts vaulted ceilings, and generous closet space. Dual vanity in the primary bath, plus a spacious, step in shower with handheld shower head. 2 car garage, side by side laundry, and air conditioning. Community features pools, spas, saunas, gym/exercise room, library, clubhouse, putting green, and walking trails. Your opportunity to reside in your La Jolla haven, just moments from quintessential shops, restaurants, and coastline.

Thoughtfully renovated with designer finishes, this stylish San Diego residence blends modern comfort with effortless indoor-outdoor living. The bright, open-concept floor plan features vaulted ceilings, wide-plank flooring, recessed lighting, and a dramatic fireplace that anchors the main living space. The beautifully updated kitchen showcases warm wood cabinetry, quartz countertops, stainless steel appliances, generous storage, and an oversized waterfall-edge island ideal for gathering and entertaining. Expansive folding glass doors create a seamless connection to the private outdoor spaces, including a landscaped courtyard and backyard with multiple areas to relax, dine, and enjoy San Diego’s year-round sunshine. The serene primary bedroom opens directly to the yard, while the renovated bathrooms feature designer tile, contemporary fixtures, and sleek finishes. Black-framed windows and doors add a sophisticated architectural touch throughout. Located just a short walk from Snapdragon Stadium, this move-in-ready home offers convenient access to sporting events, concerts, recreation, shopping, dining, and everything Mission Valley has to offer. A rare opportunity to enjoy refined design, flexible living spaces, and an exceptional central San Diego location.

Welcome home to this beautifully refreshed 1-bedroom, 1-bathroom condo in the heart of Mission Valley, offering the perfect blend of comfort, convenience, and value. Freshly updated with new carpet and new interior paint throughout, this light-filled home features an inviting open-concept layout designed for easy everyday living and entertaining. The spacious bedroom offers an oversized layout with a versatile bonus nook, perfect for a home office, reading area, or fitness space. Step outside to your private patio, ideal for enjoying your morning coffee or relaxing after a long day. All appliances are included, making this home truly move-in ready. Ideally situated next to the community clubhouse and laundry facilities, you’ll also enjoy one assigned parking space and the added benefit of the building exterior being freshly painted, enhancing the community’s appeal. Located just minutes from premier shopping, dining, entertainment, and major freeway access, this home places everything San Diego has to offer right at your fingertips. Competitively priced to sell, this is an exceptional opportunity for first-time buyers, investors, or anyone looking to enjoy the vibrant Mission Valley lifestyle.

Highly sought-after end-unit townhome in The Cottages of San Carlos! Recent updates include new flooring throughout and beautiful quartz countertops in the kitchen. The main level features a spacious living room with vaulted ceilings and a cozy fireplace, a formal dining area, a large kitchen, and a bedroom with a full bath—ideal for guests, a home office, or multigenerational living. Upstairs, you'll find two generous primary suites, each offering privacy and comfort. The private backyard provides the perfect space for entertaining, relaxing, or play. The attached two-car garage adds convenience and ample storage. This home is an outstanding value and a true must-see, combining an exceptional floor plan, desirable location, and tasteful upgrades.

Charming 2 bedroom, 1 bathroom home in La Mesa featuring a recently remodeled kitchen with updated finishes. The expansive backyard offers exceptional space for gardening, entertaining, or hosting family gatherings. A true rarity at this price point. A wonderful opportunity for first-time buyers, downsizers, or investors looking for a move-in-ready home with room to grow. Don't miss this well cared for gem in a convenient East County location.

Step into this meticulously remodeled Serra Mesa home, where thoughtful updates, generous living spaces, and a tranquil backyard create a place you’ll never want to leave. Offering 3 bd, 2 ba, and over 2,200 sqft. of living space, no detail has been overlooked. The spacious living and dining areas are ideal for everything from intimate dinners to large gatherings, while the separate family room offers the perfect place to relax. An additional bonus room provides flexible space for a bedroom, office, or game room. The expansive primary suite is a peaceful retreat with easy backyard access, where a tranquil waterfall creates the perfect setting to unwind. Situated on a desirable corner lot near Snapdragon Stadium, shopping, freeways, and just 15 minutes from the beach.

Great opportunity to add your personal touch to a charming home in Rancho Penasquitos with no HOA! This is a spacious single story home with 1,879 square feet of living space and includes 3 bedrooms, 2 baths and an optional room to use as an office or extra storage space. Fantastic floor plan perfect for entertaining with a Family room and a separate living room space with a Fireplace and vaulted ceilings. The spacious primary bedroom has vaulted ceilings, walk in closet, and a large bathroom with dual vanity. The backyard is a blank slate to customize and add a garden or build a covered patio space for indoor/outdoor living. Large 2 car attached garage and laundry room inside the home. High rated Schools and near Rancho Penasquitos Town Center for Dining and shopping. Come see!

Charming UTC Remodeled Move-In Ready Home in the Heart of the Golden Triangle! This uniquely designed, customized end-unit on a single-story offers a spectacular, light-bright-and-airy floor plan with no one above or below—delivering the true feel of a single-family home while someone else maintains the grounds. Bathed in natural light from three walls of windows, featuring two private master suites with fully remodeled baths, premium fixtures, and second full bathroom. The renovated kitchen boasts sleek slate-grey countertops, custom cabinets, and stainless-steel appliances. Luxury vinyl plank flooring flows throughout, complemented by recessed LED lighting, dual-pane windows, fresh paint, updated central heat & air conditioning. Full-size washer/dryer in unit. One-car detached garage plus driveway parking. Enjoy a lush greenbelt patio in a popular complex with hundreds of soaring mature trees. Nearby Rose Canyon Preserve offers running and hiking trails. Prime central location just off Genesee Avenue busline near Westfield UTC Mall, La Jolla beaches, and Trolley for easy access to downtown events. Convenient to everything—this is a must-see!

This beautiful 1-bedroom, 1-bathroom unit at Escondido. The unit features a bright and open floor plan with tile flooring throughout, a kitchen equipped with stainless steel appliances, a spacious living area with AC, a large bedroom with ample closet space, and a stylish bathroom with a walk-in shower. The unit also includes parking for up to two vehicles directly in front of the unit. Conveniently located near shopping, dining, parks, schools, and with easy access to Interstate 15, this move-in-ready home is perfect for anyone seeking comfort and convenience. Contact us today to schedule a showing!

Located in University Heights north of Adams Avenue this spacious 826 sf 2 bedroom 2 bathroom condo w/ private 1 car garage is a rare find. Move in ready and freshly painted the kitchen and baths have been remodeled with granite counters & tile flooring. Energy efficient dual pane vinyl windows, luxury vinyl plank flooring, balcony and in unit washer & dryer offer a convenient lifestyle. Newer refrigerator and garage door opener. Oversized ensuite primary bedroom(15'x13'!) and spacious bathrooms w/ skylight. This gated and secured complex is also one of the few with a sparkling pool- just in time for summer! Western exposure with loads of light and wonderful canyon breezes. Unrivaled location with many top restaurants, cafes, watering holes and parks in close proximity-your only problem will be choosing which ones to frequent!

A bright and inviting second level condo in the desirable Park Condos community in Vista. This 2-bedroom, 2-bath home offers 828 sq ft of comfortable living space filled with natural light, plus a private balcony that’s perfect for relaxing and enjoying the greenery. The spacious primary suite features its own bathroom and plenty of closet space, while the second bedroom works great for guests, a home office, or extra space. You’ll also love the in-unit laundry hookups, detached enclosed garage and an assigned parking space. The community has great amenities including a pool, tennis courts, fitness center, and beautifully maintained greenbelts and walking paths. Conveniently located near Downtown Vista, Highway 78, schools, shopping, dining, and hiking trails, this home offers the perfect mix of comfort, convenience, and value. VA & FHA approved!

Discover this spacious 4-bedroom, 2-bathroom home with a bonus room at Escondido, which offers plenty of space and comfort in a convenient location. The home features a functional floor plan with generously sized bedrooms, wood-look flooring throughout the living areas, a bright kitchen with ample cabinet and counter space, and a bonus room that can be used as a home office, playroom, or additional living space. Two of the bedrooms offer direct access to the large backyard. The expansive driveway and covered carport offer parking for up to four vehicles. Conveniently located near shopping, restaurants, schools, parks, and with easy access to major freeways, this home is perfect for families or anyone looking for extra space. Ready for immediate move-in—contact us today to schedule a showing!

AVAILABLE SEPTEMBER 5th! Rare 3 Bedroom 2 Bathroom first floor condo located in "Campana Villas". The condo sits on the 15th fairway of the Rancho Bernardo Inn Golf Course. Enjoy panoramic views of the 15th tee and fairway. The home is highly upgraded and was remodeled in 2022. The newer features include: dual pane windows, kitchen, bathrooms, wood vinyl flooring, LED lighting, bedroom ceiling fans w/lights and water heater, 6 year old HVAC system, 4" baseboards, wall switches and receptacles, window coverings and pebble stone patios & walkway. Enjoy resort like amenities with access to the RB Swim & Tennis Club which include swimming pools, spa, tennis courts, pickle ball courts, exercise facilities, basketball courts, carpentry and ceramic workshops, children's playground. Conveniently located walking distance to shopping, banks, parks and healthcare facilities and award winning Poway Unified Schools!

Welcome home to McSweeney Farms! Built in 2021, this beautifully maintained 3-bedroom, 2.5-bath home offers a modern open-concept layout with a peaceful, Zen-inspired feel throughout. Thoughtful touches include custom interior paint, a custom fireplace, solar, and a bright, inviting living space designed for both everyday living and entertaining. The kitchen flows seamlessly into the main living area and features stainless steel appliances, generous storage, and a spacious walk-in pantry. A dedicated laundry room adds everyday convenience. Step outside to a backyard that is truly a blank canvas—ready for you to create your own outdoor retreat, garden, entertaining space, or play area. McSweeney Farms offers an impressive collection of community amenities, including a clubhouse, fitness center, swimming pool, dog parks, and a sports complex with basketball, pickleball and tennis courts, plus a billiard room. Enjoy resort-style community living with low fees and NO MELLO-ROOS. Come settle in, make it your own, and welcome home!

Priced to sell and packed with value! A 3-bedroom Escondido home offering comfortable living, valuable upgrades, and a private backyard retreat. The interior features updated flooring, recessed lighting, uodated bathrooms, updated countertops, a welcoming entry, a spacious living room with a fireplace, and an open dining area with direct access to the backyard. The kitchen offers generous counter space, stainless steel appliances, and a breakfast bar for casual seating. Step outside to enjoy the heated pool and spa, complete with a new filter, pump, and motorready for year-round relaxation and entertaining. Additional highlights include solar panels, a separate storage room, a large primary bedroom, an attached two-car garage, and additional driveway parking. With plenty of space inside and out, this home presents an excellent opportunity to make it your own. Listed to sell—don’t miss it!!!

Set on one of La Costa Valley’s premier view lots, 2198 Vista La Nisa is tucked along a quiet street just steps from a neighborhood park. This spacious five-bedroom plus office, four-and-a-half-bath residence offers sweeping views of Batiquitos Lagoon, exceptional privacy, and quality craftsmanship throughout. Warm hardwood floors flow through the main living areas, complemented by natural wood cabinetry and custom plantation shutters. The well-appointed kitchen features a built-in refrigerator and dual ovens, creating a functional space for both everyday living and entertaining. The versatile main level includes a private bedroom suite and a separate office or den. Upstairs, the primary suite captures panoramic lagoon views and features a generously sized bathroom and walk-in closet. Three additional bedrooms complete the upper level, including two connected by a Jack-and-Jill bathroom. Outdoors, a private landscaped courtyard with a custom fountain offers a welcoming retreat, while the rear patio features an outdoor fireplace and endless views. La Costa Valley’s resort-style amenities include a heated pool, spa, sauna, tennis courts, fitness facility, clubhouse, playground, barbecue areas, and dedicated RV and boat parking. A full-time recreation director coordinates community activities throughout the year.

Charming 2-bed Lakeshore Villas condo is located on the top floor with lake views. The home includes a newer refrigerator, wine cooler, a private patio, and Top of line Full-size washer + dryer! Enjoy swimming in the community pool, hiking trails, skating park, and more. Located just south of Camp Pendleton, this 2-bedroom condo located in Lakeshore Villas condo is adjacent to a park, playground, and community skate park. Short distance to shops, dining, shopping mall, movies, and beach. Must have good credit and verifiable income of 2.5x monthly rent. Owner pays Water, Sewer & Trash are paid by the owner. Tenant pays SDG&E Gas & Electricity. Tenant pays for Renters Insurance.

Set on a quiet cul-de-sac in the heart of north Kensington, this extraordinary canyon rim home sits on nearly 1.5 acres and offers a truly rare opportunity to own the 3rd largest lot in the entire neighborhood. This tastefully remodeled single level home delivers a level of privacy, tranquility, and natural beauty that is almost impossible to find while still being moments from the restaurants, coffee shops, and boutiques along Adams Avenue. . Mature landscaping and expansive grounds create an estate-like feel while the home embraces sweeping canyon views from nearly every room. Inside, you're welcomed by beautiful original hardwood floors, abundant natural light, and a warm living room anchored by a fireplace and oversized windows framing the breathtaking scenery beyond. Stunning archways guide you from room to room, blending timeless architectural charm with tasteful modern updates. Designed for both everyday living and entertaining, the remodeled kitchen serves as the heart of the home with a gorgeous center island, designer finishes, ample cabinetry, and effortless flow into the main living spaces. The primary suite feels like a private retreat with endless canyon vistas, French doors opening to a spacious view deck, and a beautifully remodeled ensuite. Additional bedrooms are generously sized and filled with natural light. Outside, multiple entertaining areas, sprawling grounds, and the unmatched canyon backdrop create an atmosphere rarely found in Metro San Diego. Opportunities to own a property of this size, setting, and caliber in Kensington are exceptionally rare.